Communication between network interface device and subscriber devices via power supply lines

ABSTRACT

The disclosure describes communication of information between a network interface device and subscriber devices over a power line. A UPS unit receives operating power from subscriber premises via a first power line and delivers operating power to the network interface device via a second power line. The network interface device transmits and receives information, such as voice, video and data, to and from the UPS unit via the second power line. The UPS unit receives the information transmitted by the network interface device via the second power line, and transmits the received information to subscriber devices within the premises via the first power line. The UPS unit receives information transmitted by subscriber devices via the first power line, and transmits the received information to the network interface device via the second power line. The first and second power lines each serve as both a power line and a communication medium.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No.60/774,783, filed Feb. 17, 2006, the entire content of which isincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to networking and, more particularly,communication between a network interface device and subscriber devices.

BACKGROUND

Network interface devices permit a subscriber to access a variety ofinformation via a network. A passive optical network (PON), for example,can deliver voice, video and data among multiple network nodes, using acommon optical fiber link. Passive optical splitters and combinersenable multiple optical network terminals (ONTs) to share the opticalfiber link. Each ONT terminates the optical fiber link for a residentialor business subscriber, and is sometimes referred to as a subscriberpremises node that delivers Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) services.

An ONT is connected to one or more subscriber devices, such astelevisions, set-top boxes, telephones, computers, or networkappliances, which ultimately receive the voice, video and data deliveredvia the PON. In this manner, the ONT can support telephone, televisionand Internet services. An ONT is an example of a network interfacedevice. Other examples of a network interface device, in differentnetwork types, are cable modems and digital subscriber line (DSL) boxes.

Network interface devices in a cable or hybrid network may be connectedto power provided by a central office, which commonly utilizes batteryand generator back-up power to maintain a continuous power supply. Incontrast, an ONT in an all-fiber optical network is ordinarily poweredlocally at the subscriber premises. An ONT may receive power from anuninterruptible power source (UPS) unit mounted within or outside thesubscriber premises.

The UPS unit may provide back up power during a power outage to maintaincritical services, such as voice service. The UPS unit obtains AC powerfrom line power within the subscriber premises and generates DC powerfor use by the ONT. Hence, the UPS unit is coupled to the ONT via a DCpower line and to line power within the subscriber premises via an ACpower line. The UPS unit also includes a battery to support backup powerwhen AC line power is unavailable.

SUMMARY

In general, the invention is directed to techniques for communication ofinformation between a network interface device and subscriber devicesover a power line within the subscriber premises. A UPS unit receivesoperating power from the subscriber premises via a first power line anddelivers operating power to the network interface device via a secondpower line. The network interface device is configured to transmit andreceive information, such as voice, video and data, to and from the UPSunit via the second power line. The UPS unit is configured to receivethe information transmitted by the network interface device via thesecond power line, and transmit the received information to subscriberdevices within the premises via the first power line. The UPS unit isalso configured to receive information transmitted by subscriber devicesvia the first power line, and transmit the received information to thenetwork interface device via the second power line. Hence, the first andsecond power lines each serve as both a power line and a communicationmedium.

In some embodiments, the first power line extending between thesubscriber devices and the UPS unit is an alternating current (AC) powerline within the subscriber premises, and the second power line extendingbetween the UPS unit and the network interface device is a directcurrent (DC) power line. By using the first power line coupled to theUPS unit, the invention permits information to be communicated overexisting AC power lines within the subscriber premises, eliminating orreducing the need to install additional wiring within the subscriberpremises for communication of network information. In addition, by usingthe second power line extending between the UPS unit and the networkinterface device as a communication medium, the invention eliminates theneed for installation of an additional communication cable between thenetwork interface device and the subscriber premises. Instead, the DCpower line serves as both a power supply line and a communicationmedium.

Although the invention may be generally applicable to network interfacedevices in a variety of networks, application of the invention to an ONTin a PON will be described throughout this disclosure for purposes ofillustration. A UPS unit may supply power to an optical network terminal(ONT) in a passive optical network (PON), and receive information fromthe ONT. The UPS unit provides power via a direct current (DC) powerline that extends between the UPS unit and the ONT, and receivesinformation from the ONT via the same DC power line. The ONT includes aphysical interface for transmitting information, such as InternetProtocol television (IPTV) or other high-speed information, to the UPSunit via the DC power line. In some embodiments, the ONT may transmitthe information to the UPS unit by inserting a carrier signal onto theDC power line and modulating the carrier signal to encode information.

The UPS unit includes a physical interface for transmitting andreceiving information to and from subscriber devices within thesubscriber premises over existing AC power lines within the subscriberpremises. The UPS unit may connect to the existing AC power lines via anAC power cord. In some embodiments, the UPS unit may transmit andreceive information over existing AC power lines in accordance withpower line-based networking techniques or broadband over power line(BPL) techniques. In accordance with the invention, an ONT may transmitand receive information, via the UPS unit, to and from AC power outletsreadily available throughout the subscriber premises, providingubiquitous availability of network information such as voice, videoand/or data without the need to install additional wiring at thesubscriber premises.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method comprising supplyingpower to a network interface device via a direct current (DC) power linethat extends between the network interface device and an uninterruptiblepower supply (UPS) unit, supplying power to the UPS unit via analternating current (AC) power line that extends from a subscriberpremises to the UPS unit, transmitting information to the UPS unit fromthe network interface device via the DC power line, and transmitting theinformation from the UPS unit to one or more subscriber devices withinthe subscriber premises via the AC power line.

In another embodiment, the invention provides an uninterruptible powersupply (UPS) unit for a network interface device, the UPS unitcomprising a power source, a direct current (DC) power line configuredto deliver power from the power source to the network interface device,and an interface configured to receive information from the ONT via theDC power line and transmits the received information to one or moresubscriber devices within a subscriber premises over an alternatingcurrent (AC) power line.

In an additional embodiment, the invention provides a network interfacedevice comprising circuitry that receives operating power from a directcurrent (DC) power line that extends between the network interfacedevice and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit, and an interfacethat transmits information to the UPS unit via the DC power line.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a passive optical network(PON) comprising an optical network terminal (ONT) that receivesinformation, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit that deliverspower to the ONT via a direct current (DC) power line that extendsbetween the ONT and the UPS unit, and an alternating current (AC) powerline that delivers power to the UPS unit, wherein the ONT is configuredto transmit information to the UPS over the DC power line, and whereinthe UPS is configured to transmit information to one or more subscriberdevices at a subscriber premises over the AC power line.

In an additional embodiment, the invention provides a method comprisingsupplying power to a network interface device via a first power linethat extends between the network interface device and an uninterruptiblepower supply (UPS) unit, supplying power to the UPS unit via a secondpower line that extends from a subscriber premises to the UPS unit,transmitting information to the UPS unit from the network interfacedevice via the first power line, and transmitting the information fromthe UPS unit to one or more subscriber devices within the subscriberpremises via the second power line.

In a further embodiment, the invention provides a method comprisingsupplying power to a network interface device via a direct current (DC)power line that extends between the network interface device and anuninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit, supplying power to the UPS unitvia an alternating current (AC) power line that extends from asubscriber premises to the UPS unit, transmitting information to the UPSunit from one or more subscriber devices within the subscriber premisesto the network interface device via the AC power line, and transmittingthe information from the UPS unit to the network interface device.

The invention may offer one or more advantages, particularly in a PONenvironment. For example, unlike ONTs that require wiring a subscriberpremises with fast Ethernet cable, such as CAT5e, to transmit high speedinformation to information interfaces within a subscriber premises, theinvention permits transmission of information to subscriber deviceswithin a subscriber premises over existing AC power lines. Thetransmission of information may be bi-directional so that the ONT andsubscriber devices may exchange information over DC and AC power lines.In addition, there is no need to provide a dedicated communication cablefrom the ONT to the subscriber premises. Instead, the ONT transmitsinformation to the subscriber premises via the UPS unit. By eliminatingthe need for extra cables (other than the DC power line) to penetratethe subscriber premises, the invention may decrease cost as well asinstallation complexity and time.

In addition, the invention may provide increased availability ofinformation within a subscriber premises compared to ONTs that utilizetechnologies such as home phone networking alliance (HPNA) or multimediaover coax alliance (MOCA) to transmit information throughout asubscriber premises over existing phone lines or coaxial cables becauseAC power outlets are spread throughout the subscriber premises moreevenly than phone or coaxial outlets. Notably, the National ElectricCode (NEC) mandates that AC power outlets must be readily availablethroughout the premises.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth inthe accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features,objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thedescription and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary PON suitable fortransmitting information from an ONT to subscriber devices within asubscriber premises over existing power lines at the subscriberpremises.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a UPS unit that provides power toand exchanges information with an ONT via a common power line andexchanges information to subscriber devices over existing power lineswithin the subscriber premises.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the ONT and UPS unit of FIG. 2 ingreater detail.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating components of the UPS unit ofFIG. 2 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating components of the UPS unit inaccordance with another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating exemplary operation of the PON ofFIG. 1 in transmitting information from the PON to subscriber devices.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating exemplary operation of the PON ofFIG. 1 in transmitting information from subscriber devices to the PON.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In general, the invention is directed to techniques for communication ofinformation between a network interface device and subscriber devicesover a power line within the subscriber premises. A UPS unit receivesoperating power from the subscriber premises via a first power line anddelivers operating power to the network interface device via a secondpower line. The network interface device is configured to transmit andreceive information, such as voice, video and data, to and from the UPSunit via the second power line. The UPS unit is configured to receivethe information transmitted by the network interface device via thesecond power line, and transmit the received information to subscriberdevices via the first power line. The UPS unit is also configured toreceive information transmitted by subscriber devices via the firstpower line, and transmit the received information to the networkinterface device via the second power line. Hence, the first and secondpower lines each serve as both a power line and a communication medium.

The network interface device receives information such as voice, videoand/or data from a network, e.g., via an optical fiber link, andtransmits the information to the subscriber devices via the second powerline extending between the network interface device and the UPS unit,and then via the first power line extending between the UPS unit and thesubscriber devices. Likewise, for bi-directional communication, thesubscriber devices transmit information such as voice, video and/or datato the network via the first power line extending between the subscriberdevices and the UPS unit, and then via the second power line extendingbetween the UPS unit and the network interface device, which is coupledto the network, e.g., via an optical fiber link. Bi-directionalcommunication of network information will be described herein forpurpose of illustration. In some embodiments, however, the inventionlikewise may be applicable to uni-directional communication of networkinformation, e.g., television data or signals, from the networkinterface device to the subscriber devices via the UPS unit.

The first power line may be an alternating current (AC) power linewithin the subscriber premises, and the second power line may be adirect current (DC) power line that extends between the UPS unit and thenetwork interface device. By using the first power line coupled to theUPS unit, the invention permits information to be communicated overexisting AC power lines within the subscriber premises, eliminating orreducing the need to install additional wiring within the subscriberpremises. In addition, by using the second power line extending betweenthe UPS unit and the network interface device, the invention eliminatesthe need for installation of an additional communication cable thatpenetrates the subscriber premises and extends between the networkinterface device and the subscriber premises.

Although the invention may be generally applicable to network interfacedevices in a variety of networks, application of the invention to an ONTin a PON will be described throughout this disclosure for purposes ofillustration. A UPS unit may supply power to an optical network terminal(ONT) in a passive optical network (PON), receive information from theONT and subscriber devices connected to the AC power lines within thesubscriber premises, and transmit information received from theconnected subscriber devices to the ONT and information received fromthe ONT to the connected subscriber devices. The UPS unit provides powervia a direct current (DC) power line that extends between the UPS unitand the ONT, and transmits and receives information to and from the ONTvia the same DC power line. The ONT includes a physical interface fortransmitting information, such as Internet Protocol television (IPTV) orother high-speed voice, video, and/or data information, to the UPS unitvia the DC power line. Voice information may support telephone services,while data may support Internet or other network services. In someembodiments, the ONT may transmit the information to the UPS unit byinserting a carrier signal onto the DC power line and modulating thecarrier signal to encode network information.

The UPS unit includes a physical interface for transmitting theinformation received from the ONT to subscriber devices within thesubscriber premises over existing AC power lines within the subscriberpremises. The physical interface of the UPS unit also enables the UPSunit to transmit information received from subscriber devices, such asvoice information for telephone services or data for Internet services,to the ONT. The interface may be a common interface that handles bothtransmission and reception of information to and from the networkinterface device and the subscriber devices, or multiple interfaces thatseparately handle transmission and reception to and from the networkinterface device and the subscriber devices. In either case, a single,common interface or a collection of two or more interfaces may beconsidered an interface for purposes of this disclosure.

Information is exchanged between the UPS unit and the ONT via the DCpower line, and information is exchanged between the UPS unit and thesubscriber devices via the AC power line, thereby providingbi-directional communication between the ONT and subscriber devices. TheUPS unit may connect to the existing AC power lines via an AC powercord. In some embodiments, the UPS unit may transmit information overexisting AC power lines in accordance with power line-based networkingtechniques or broadband over power line (BPL) techniques. An example ofa suitable power line-based networking technique is defined by theHomePlug® Powerline Alliance. HomePlug AV (HPAV), for example, has beendesigned to provide high-quality, multi-stream networking over AC wiringwithin subscriber premises at rates of 200 megabits per second (Mbps).

Other examples of power line-based networking or BPL techniques includeHomePlug BPL, Intellon HomePlug Turbo, offered by Intellon Corp., ofManhasset, N.Y., and DS2 Powerline Communication (PLC), offered byDesign of Systems on Silicon (DS2), of Paterna, Spain. HomePlug BPL isdefined in the HomePlug Broadband over Powerline specification providedby the Homeplug Powerline Alliance. HomePlug AV is defined in theHomePlug AV specification provided by the Homeplug Powerline Alliance.In accordance with the invention, an ONT transmits information, via theUPS unit, to AC power outlets readily available throughout thesubscriber premises, providing ubiquitous availability of networkinformation such as voice, video or data without the need to installadditional wiring at the subscriber premises. The ONT also receivesinformation from the subscriber devices via the UPS unit, which couplesthe information received from the subscriber devices over the AC powerline to the DC power line connected between the UPS unit and the ONT.

The UPS unit includes a power supply that provides power to the ONTduring a power outage. The power supply includes AC to DC voltageconversion circuitry that converts AC line power from the subscriberpremises to DC line power to power the ONT. In addition, the UPS unitincludes a physical interface to receive information from the ONT, andtransmit the information to one or more subscriber devices within thesubscriber premises over existing AC power lines. The physical interfacecouples the information received from the ONT via the DC power line tothe existing AC power line at the subscriber premises. The UPS unit mayconnect to the existing AC power lines with a typical AC power cord. Thephysical interface also receives information from subscriber devices andtransmits the information to the ONT over the DC power line. In thiscase, the physical interface couples the information received from thesubscriber devices via the AC power line to the DC power connectedbetween the UPS unit and the ONT.

In some embodiments, the physical interface in the UPS unit may includea passive resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) coupling network thatpassively couples the carrier signal received from the ONT to the ACpower lines at the subscriber premises and passively couples the carriersignal received from subscriber devices to the DC power line thatextends between the UPS unit and the ONT. In other embodiments, thephysical interface of the UPS unit may include an active relay agentthat converts the information received from the ONT for transmission onthe AC power line and, similarly, converts the information received fromthe subscriber devices for transmission on the DC power line. In someembodiments, the active relay agent may simply repeat the receivedinformation. In other embodiments, the active relay agent may convertthe received information, e.g., in terms of frequency, pulse width, orcoding scheme. In either case, the information transmitted from the UPSunit to AC power outlets via the AC power line or to the ONT via the DCpower line is formulated in accordance with a desired power line-basednetworking technique, such as HomePlug AV. The physical interface mayalso include circuitry that acts as a router or firewall to provide alayer of security.

The ONT may transmit information to the UPS unit over the DC power lineusing the same technology or standard used by the UPS unit to transmitinformation over the AC power lines at the subscriber premises, or usinga different technology or standard. If a different standard ortechnology is used for transmission from the ONT to the UPS unit, thephysical interface of the UPS unit may act as a gateway and furtherinclude conversion circuitry to convert the signal received from the ONTinto a signal suitable to be transmitted over the AC power lines. As anexample, the network interface device may transmit information to theUPS unit in accordance with the Intellon Turbo standard, but the UPSunit may transmit information over the AC power lines using the HomePlugAV standard. Thus, the UPS unit converts the received Intellon Turbosignal into a HomePlug AV signal for transmission over the AC powerlines. However, in other embodiments, the network interface device andthe UPS unit may transmit information over the DC power line and ACpower lines, respectively, using the Homeplug AV standard. In this case,the physical interface of the UPS unit may not include conversioncircuitry.

Power outlets within a subscriber premises are broadband enabled whentransmitting information over AC power lines at a subscriber premises inaccordance with power line based home networking standards, such asHomePlug AV. Thus, a modem may be incorporated at any power outlet toconnect a subscriber device to the power line-based network. Forexample, a subscriber may connect a game console in one room using aHomePlug AV modem and power outlet, a set-top box in another room usinganother HomePlug AV modem and power outlet, and a computer in yetanother room using a different HomePlug AV modem and power outlet.Consequently, the invention provides increased access to high speedinformation without installing additional wires at the subscriberpremises. Instead, the existing AC power lines and outlets can be used.Moreover, transmission of the broadband information via the DC powerline extending between the ONT and the UPS unit eliminates the need forextra cables, in addition to the power cable, to penetrate thesubscriber premises, further decreasing cost as well as installationcomplexity and time.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a passive optical network (PON)10. Although application of the invention to an ONT powered by a UPSunit in a PON 10 is described herein for purposes of illustration, theinvention is not so limited, and may be applicable to network interfacedevices powered by UPS units in other types of networks, such as cable-or DSL-based networks. Hence, a network interface device may take theform of an ONT, a cable modem or a DSL box.

As shown in FIG. 1, PON 10 can be arranged to deliver voice, informationand video content (generally “information”) to a number of network nodesvia optical fiber links. In exemplary embodiments, PON 10 can bearranged to deliver Internet Protocol television (IPTV) and other highspeed information, i.e., information transmitted at approximately 200Mbps or higher. Exemplary components for implementing a PON arecommercially available from Calix Networks, Inc. of Petaluma, Calif.,and designated by the tradenames F5 and FD headend bay interfaces, i.e.,optical line terminals (OLTs), and the 700F and 500F subscriber premisesnodes, i.e., optical network terminals (ONTs). The OLT and ONT mayconform to any of a variety of PON standards, such as the broadband PON(BPON) standard (ITU G.983) or the gigabit-capable PON (GPON) standard(ITU G.984), as well as future PON standards under development by theFull Service Access Network (FSAN) Group or other organizations.

An OLT 12 may receive voice information, for example, from the publicswitched telephone network (PSTN) 14 via a switch facility 16. Inaddition, OLT 12 may be coupled to one or more Internet serviceproviders (ISP's) 18 via the Internet and a router 20. As further shownin FIG. 1, OLT 12 may receive video content 22 from video contentsuppliers via a streaming video headend 24. Video also may be providedas packet video over the Internet. In each case, OLT 12 receives theinformation, and distributes it along optical fiber links 11A and 11B(collectively “fiber links 11”) to groups 26A and 26B (collectively“groups 26”) of ONTs 28A, 28B, 28C and 28D (collectively “ONTs 28”).Each of groups 26 is coupled to a respective one of optical fiber links11. OLT 12 may be coupled to any number of fiber links 11. For purposesof illustration, FIG. 1 shows only two fiber links 11A, 11B.

In some embodiments, OLT 12 may distribute information to groups 26using a combination of fiber optic links 11 and existing power lines.For example, fiber optic links 11 may distribute information to a powerdistribution point for a group of subscribers, e.g., a neighborhood ofhomes or a group of businesses. However, from the power distributionpoint, the information may be distributed over existing power lines togroups 26. In another example, OLT 12 may distribute information togroups 26 exclusively over existing power lines. However, for purposesof illustration, FIG. 1 only depicts fiber optic links 11 but theinvention is not so limited, and may include a combination of fiberoptic links 11 and power lines or only power lines to distributeinformation to groups 26.

A single ONT 28 is an example of a network interface device or “NID.”Each of ONTs 28 is coupled to a UPS unit (not shown) via a DC powerline. A UPS unit provides AC-to-DC voltage conversion from line powerwithin the subscriber's premises and includes a battery for backup powerto maintain critical services such as voice communication during a powerfailure. A UPS unit is connected to line power provided by thesubscriber premises with a standard AC power cord. As will be describedin detail, a single ONT 28 transmits information to a UPS unit via theDC power line. The UPS unit includes hardware for receiving theinformation and transmitting the information over AC power lines at thesubscriber premises.

In general, ONT 28 transmits information to the UPS unit using abroadband power line (BPL) technology or another power line based homenetworking technology. The UPS unit may transmit the informationreceived from ONT 28 to connected subscriber devices (not shown) usingthe same power line based home networking technology used by ONT 28 ormay use a different power line based home networking technology. Inexemplary embodiments, ONT 28 and the UPS unit supplying power to ONT 28may both utilize HomePlug AV or a different power line technologycapable of transmitting information at high speeds, i.e., approximately200 Mbps or higher. Consequently, ONT 28 and the UPS unit are configuredto transmit information to AC power outlets readily available throughthe subscriber premises, thereby providing ubiquitous availability ofinformation without installing additional wire or cables at thesubscriber premises.

As will be described in detail, ONTs 28 include hardware forbidirectional communication with PON 10 via links 11 and one or moreconnected subscriber devices (not shown). In general, ONTs 28 deliverinformation to a plurality of subscriber devices (not shown) overexisting power lines at the subscriber premises as described herein. Forexample, each ONT 28 may serve as a PON access point for one or morecomputers, network appliances, televisions, game consoles, set-topboxes, wireless devices, or the like, for video and data services. Insome embodiments, for example, the invention provides a convenienttechnique for linking a video access point (VAP) of an ONT to AC powerwires within the subscriber premises. In addition, each ONT 28 may beconnected to subscriber telephones for delivery of telephone services.Hence, ONT 28 may provide information in the form of video to supporttelevision applications, information to support Internet access, andvoice to support telephone services. OLT 12 may be located near or farfrom a group 26 of ONTs 28. However, OLT 12 is typically located in atelecommunication company central office (CO), while ONTs 28 may belocated at any of a variety of locations, including residential orbusiness premises.

More specifically, ONT 28 includes hardware for transmitting andreceiving information to and from a UPS unit over the DC power line,which also serves as the power line between the UPS unit and the ONTcircuitry. By transmitting and receiving information to and from the UPSunit over the DC power line, a dedicated cable is not required from theONT to the subscriber premises. The UPS unit includes hardware fortransmitting the received information from PON 10 to one or moreconnected subscriber devices (not shown) over the existing AC powerlines at the subscriber premises and transmitting information receivedfrom the connected subscriber devices (not shown) to one of ONTs 28 overthe DC power line that extends between the UPS unit and the ONT. Thus,the subscriber devices may be connected to any power outlet becauseevery power outlet within the subscriber premises is broadband enabled.With a UPS unit utilizing HomePlug AV technology to transmit informationover the AC power lines at the subscriber premises, for example, aHomePlug modem may be incorporated at any power outlet to connect asubscriber device to the network.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example ONT 28 and UPS unit 40configured to transmit and receive information to and from subscriberpremises 50 and, more particularly, connected subscriber devices 54 inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. ONT 28 transmitsinformation to and receives information from UPS unit 40 via DC powerline 34 which includes two wires (power and ground) and is coupled toterminals 29 and 31. Similarly, UPS unit 40 transmits information to andreceives information from subscriber premises via AC power line 44 whichalso includes two wires (power and ground) and is coupled to terminals39 and 41. As a result, the invention enables bi-directionalcommunication between ONT 28 and subscriber devices 54 via UPS unit 40without installing additional wires or cables dedicated to broadbandcommunication. Instead, bi-directional broadband communication isprovided via DC power cable 34 and AC power cable 44. FIG. 2 representsthe physical layer communication between ONT 28, UPS unit 40, andsubscriber premises 50.

In the example of FIG. 2, ONT 28 includes a physical interface 32 and acarrier filter 38. UPS unit 40 includes physical interface 42 andcarrier filter 48. Subscriber premises 50 includes line adapters ormodems 52 and subscriber devices 54 that receive power from andcommunicate over AC power system 56. For purposes of illustration, thearrangement shown in FIG. 2 may be configured for simplex communicationfrom ONT 28 to subscriber devices 54 at subscriber premises 50. Thisarrangement may be suitable for broadcast applications such as IPTV.However, the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 may generally be configured forhalf duplex or full duplex communication between ONT 28 and subscriberdevices 54 at subscriber premises 50.

Generally, ONT 28 may conform to any of a variety of PON standards, suchas the BPON standard (ITU G983), the GPON standard (ITU G984), or otherstandards. The transmit side of ONT physical interface 32 receivesinformation from ONT processing circuitry and modulates a carrier signalbased on the received information. Physical interface 32 inserts themodulated carrier signal onto DC power cable 34 for transmission to UPSunit 40. Physical interface 32 may modulate the carrier signal using apower line technology that applies orthogonal frequency-divisionmodulation (OFDM) to the signal carrier to encode information on severaldistinct carriers. As an example, physical interface 32 may utilize ahome power line networking technology such as HomePlug BPL, HomePlug AV,Intellon Turbo, or DS2. Both BPL and home power line networkingtechnologies rely on OFDM technology similar to that used by digitalsubscriber line (DSL) and some 802.11 wireless local area networks(LANs). With respect to modulating the carrier signal using a HomePlugtechnology, 84 equally spaced OFDM subcarriers are used in the bandbetween 4.5 and 21 MHz. The signal modulated by physical interface 32 isAC coupled to DC power line 34 via coupling circuitry within physicalinterface 32. Carrier filters 38 and 48 may be provided at each end ofDC power line 34 to keep the output impedance of ONT 28 and the inputimpedance of UPS unit 40 from loading down the modulated signal.

UPS physical interface 42 receives the modulated signal on DC power line34 and transmits it to subscriber devices 54 at subscriber premises 50via AC power line 44. In exemplary embodiments, information istransmitted from ONT 28 to UPS unit 40 and from UPS unit 40 tosubscriber premises 50 using a single format or protocol. In suchembodiments, physical interface 42 couples the high speed informationsignal from the DC side of the UPS to the AC side. Physical interface 42may include, for example, a passive RLC coupling network that couplesthe received signal to AC power line 44 or an active relay agent thatreads and repeats the signal on AC power line 44.

However, in alternative embodiments, UPS unit 40 may transmitinformation to subscriber premises 50 using a different format than theformat used to transmit information from ONT 28 to UPS unit 40. Forexample, ONT 28 may transmit information to UPS unit 40 using HomePlugBPL and UPS unit 40 may transmit information received from ONT 28 tosubscriber premises 50 using HomePlug AV. In this case, UPS unit 40 mayinclude circuitry to convert the received HomePlug BPL signal into aHomePlug AV signal. In this example, UPS unit 40 acts as a gatewaybetween ONT 28 and subscriber premises 50, thereby enabling ONT 28 andsubscriber devices 54 to communicate using different technologies orprotocols.

The modulated signal produced by physical interface 42 is transmitted tosubscriber premises 50 over the power and ground connections of AC powerline 44. At subscriber premises 50, the modulated signal is available atevery power outlet on AC power system 56. Accordingly, subscriberdevices 54 may be connected to any power outlet on AC power system 56either directly or via adapters or modems 52 to access the modulatedsignal. Subscriber devices 54 may include, for example, computers,network appliances, televisions, set-top boxes, wireless devices, orother devices for video and data services. In addition, subscriberdevices 54 may include telephones. Hence, modems 52 demodulate themodulated signal to provide information in the form of video to supporttelevision applications, information to support Internet access, andvoice to support telephone services.

During full duplex communication, subscriber devices 54 may transmitvoice and data information to ONT 28 via UPS unit 40 over AC power cable44 and DC power cable 34. In particular, modems 52 receive informationfrom subscriber devices 54 and modulate a carrier signal based on thereceived information. Modems 52 insert the modulated carrier signal ontoAC power cable 44 for transmission to UPS unit 40. UPS unit 40 receivesthe carrier signal and transmits it to ONT 28 over DC power cable 34.When utilizing a different power line technology to transmit the carriersignal to ONT 28, physical interface 32 converts the signal into theappropriate format and subsequently inserts the modulated carrier signalonto DC power cable 34 for transmission to ONT 28. In this manner, ONT28 and subscriber devices 54 transmit and receive information to andfrom each other without requiring additional broadband communicationwires or cables to be installed.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary ONT 28 thattransmits and receives information to and from subscriber devices 54 viaUPS unit 40. UPS unit 40 supplies power to ONT 28 via DC power line 34and is connected to AC power system 56 at subscriber premises 50 via ACpower line 44. DC power line 34 delivers line power to ONT 28 duringnormal operation and delivers battery power to ONT 28 during a powerfailure via power line 34. A power bus 59 within ONT 28 receives powerfrom power line 34 for distribution to various electronic componentswithin ONT 28. UPS unit 40 includes a battery 66 for use in the event ofpower failure. ONT 28 also transmits information to and receivesinformation from UPS unit 40 via DC power line 34. UPS unit 40 transmitsinformation received from ONT 28 to subscriber devices 54 at subscriberpremises 50 and receives power from AC power system 56 via AC power line44. During duplex communication, modems 52 also transmit informationreceived from subscriber devices 54 to UPS unit 40 via AC power line 44.Because information is transmitted between ONT 28 and subscriberpremises 50 over DC power line 34 and AC power line 44, it is possible,in some embodiments, that no other lines, cables, or wires need to beprovided to penetrate subscriber premises 50.

In general, ONT 28 provides an interface between optical fiber link 11on PON 10 and connected subscriber devices 54 in a fiber-to-the-premises(FTTP) network. ONT 28 includes optical interface 57 for receivinginformation in the form of voice, video, and data from PON 10 overoptical fiber link 11 from OLT 12 (not shown in FIG. 3). OLT 12 (notshown) generally handles reception and transmission of information inthe form of frames, packets, or other units of information over PON 10.ONT processing circuitry 50 processes received voice, video, and datainformation to deliver telephone, television, and Internet services,i.e., voice, video, and data, to subscriber devices 54. In addition, ONTprocessing circuitry 50 and optical interface 57 enable ONT 28 totransmit voice and data information upstream to OLT 12 over opticalfiber link 11. Hence, power line 34 may be used for bi-directionalcommunication between ONT 28 and subscriber devices 54 via UPS unit 40.Alternatively, for specific applications, such as IPTV, power line 34may be used for one-way communication from ONT 28 to subscriber devices54 via UPS unit 40.

ONT processing circuitry 50 or other circuitry described herein may beimplemented as a combination of one or more processors, including one ormore microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Inaddition, optical interface 57 may comprise an optical receiver thatconverts optical signals received from optical fiber link 11 intoelectrical signals and an optical transmitter that receives electricalsignals from OLT 12 (not shown) and ONT processing circuitry 50 andconverts the electrical signals to optical signals for transmission overPON 10 via optical fiber link 11. Optical interface 57 may be formed byconventional opto-electrical conversion hardware.

ONT 28 is powered locally at the subscriber premises by DC power line34, which extends between UPS unit 40 and ONT 28. Again, DC power line34 may comprise a DC power conductor and a ground conductor, e.g., asshown in FIG. 2. UPS unit 40 includes AC/DC conversion circuitry 74 toprovide AC-to-DC voltage conversion from line power 72 (e.g., 110 volt,60 Hz in North America) provided by AC power system 56 via power line 44at subscriber premises 50 to produce DC power for transmission over DCpower line 34. UPS unit 40 also includes battery 66 for backup powerduring a power failure to maintain critical services, such as voiceservice.

A power bus 69 within UPS unit 40 receives power from AC/DC conversioncircuitry 74 for distribution of power to various electronic componentswithin the UPS unit. AC/DC circuitry 74 may further include batterycharging circuitry that converts AC line power to DC electrical batterycharging current to maintain an adequate charge level on battery 66.When line power 72 is unavailable, e.g., due to a line power failure, DCpower provided by battery 66 is used to power ONT 28 via power line 48.In some embodiments, ONT 28 also may include a battery, in addition tothe battery 66 in UPS unit 40.

In addition to receiving power from UPS unit 40 via DC power line 34,ONT 28 transmits information to UPS unit 40 via DC power line 34. Inorder to support transmitting information to UPS unit 40 over DC powerline 34, additional circuitry may be added to conventional UPS units andONTs. In particular, ONT 28 may include physical interface 53 and UPSunit 40 may include physical interface 63. In accordance with FIG. 2,carrier filters 38 and 48 may be provided at each end of DC power line34 to keep the output impedance of ONT 28 and the input impedance of UPSunit 40 from loading down the modulated signal. Physical interface 53includes demodulator 52, modulator 54, and coupling circuitry 55. Totransmit information to UPS unit 40, physical interface 53 inserts acarrier frequency onto the power conductor of DC power line 34.Specifically, modulator 54 converts the output information generated byONT processing circuitry 50 into an AC signal that is coupled onto DCpower line 34 by coupling circuitry 55. The output information generatedby ONT processing circuitry 50 may include voice, video, and datainformation as previously described.

In exemplary embodiments, modulator 54 utilizes a BPL technology or ahome power line networking technology to modulate a carrier frequency toencode the output information generated by ONT processing circuitry 50.For example, modulator 54 may modulate the carrier frequency inaccordance with HomePlug BPL, HomePlug AV, Intellon Turbo, DS2, or othertechnologies for transmitting high speed information over power lines.

UPS unit 40 receives the signal modulated by physical interface 53 andtransmits the information carried by the modulated signal to subscriberdevices 54 over AC power line 44. In this manner, UPS unit 40 acts as agateway between ONT 28 and subscriber devices 54 and, in someembodiments, may add an additional layer of security. In exemplaryembodiments, UPS unit 40 utilizes the same technology or protocol thatONT 28 uses to transmit information to subscriber devices 54. In suchembodiments, UPS unit 40 repeats the modulated signal received from ONT28 over AC power line 44. More specifically, coupling circuitry 65 maycomprise an active relay agent that receives and repeats the signal overAC power line 44.

In alternative embodiments, UPS unit 40 transmits information tosubscriber devices 54 using a different technology than is used by ONT28 to transmit the information to UPS unit 40. When UPS unit 40transmits the information using a different technology, UPS unit 40demodulates the modulated signal to recover the information, convertsthe information into a format compliant with the different technology,and transmits the information to subscriber devices 54 over AC powerline 44 in accordance with the different technology. In additionalembodiments, UPS unit 40 may also provide security features forpreventing subscribers at a subscriber premises sharing ONT 28 fromintercepting sensitive information.

Physical interface 63 includes demodulator 62, UPS processing circuitry60, modulator 64, and coupling circuitry 65. Demodulator 62 receives theoutput of carrier filter 48 and demodulates the signal carrier. UPSprocessing circuitry 60 processes the output of demodulator 62 toconvert information received from ONT 28 into a format that UPS unit 40can transmit to subscriber devices 54 over AC power line 44. Hence, UPSprocessing circuitry 60 may not be required in implementations in whichONT 28 and UPS unit 40 transmit information use the same protocol ortechnology. Instead, in such embodiments, coupling circuitry 65 receivesthe modulated carrier signal and couples it to AC power line 44.However, when ONT 28 and UPS unit 40 transmit information usingdifferent power line technologies, modulator 64 converts the output ofUPS processing circuitry 60 into a carrier signal that is AC coupledonto AC power line by coupling circuitry 65. Coupling circuitry 65 maycomprise a passive RLC coupling network that passively couples themodulated signal on DC power line 34 or an active relay agent thatrepeats the modulated signal over AC power line 44. Reciprocal couplingcircuitry or a reciprocal relay agent may be provided to convert amodulated signal on AC power line 44 for transmission to ONT 28 over DCpower line 34.

In general, modulator 64 modulates the output of UPS processingcircuitry 60 to encode information using a home power line networkingtechnology. In exemplary embodiments, modulator 64 may modulateinformation using HomePlug AV technology. In alternative embodiments,modulator 64 may modulate information using Intellon Turbo, DS2, orother home power line networking technology capable of transmitting highspeed information. Communication according to the HomePlug AV technologymay permit information to be transmitted at approximately 200 megabitsper second (Mbps) or higher. In any case, the modulated signal producedby physical interface 63 is transmitted to subscriber premises 50 overAC power line 44.

AC power line 44 may generally comprise a standard AC power cord thatconnects to the AC power system 56 at subscriber premises 50. AC powersystem 56 receives power from line power 72 for distribution to variouselectronic components within subscriber premises 50. Typically, AC powersystem 56 comprises copper wires that distribute power to every poweroutlet within subscriber premises 50. However, because UPS unit 40transmits the modulated signal over AC power line 44, the modulatedsignal is available at every power outlet on AC power system.Consequently, subscriber devices 54 may access the modulated signal whenconnected to any power outlets. In particular, each of subscriberdevices 54 connects to AC power system 56 via a corresponding one ofmodems 52.

Again, subscriber devices 54 may include, for example, computers,network appliances, televisions, game consoles, set-top boxes, wirelessdevices, or other devices for video and data services. In addition,subscriber devices 54 may include telephones. Hence, modems 52demodulate the modulated signal to provide information in the form ofvideo to support television applications, information to supportInternet access, and voice to support telephone services. Consequently,a subscriber may, for example, connect a game console in one room usinga HomePlug modem, a set-top box in another room using another HomePlugmodem, and a computer in yet another room using a different HomePlugmodem.

As previously described, the invention may provide bidirectionalcommunication between ONT 28 and subscriber devices 54. For example,subscriber devices 54 may transmit data and voice information to ONT 28to support Internet access and telephone services, respectively. In thiscase, modems 52 receive information from subscriber devices 54 andmodulate a carrier signal based on the received information. Modems 52insert the modulated carrier signal onto AC power cable 44 fortransmission to UPS unit 40. When UPS unit 40 communicates with ONT 28and subscriber devices using a different technology, UPS unit 40demodulates the received signal and UPS processing circuitry 60 convertsthe demodulated signal into the appropriate format. Modulator 64 thenmodulates the signal and coupling circuitry 65 couples the signal ontoDC power 34. In contrast, when UPS unit 40 communicates with ONT 28 andsubscriber devices 54 using the same technology, the coupling circuitry65 may couple the received signal to DC power 34 without processing thesignal.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating an exemplary passive RLCcoupling network 80 that couples a high speed information signal betweenDC power line 34 and AC power line 44. Coupling network 80 includescoupling capacitor 81 and inductive blocking coils 82 and 84. Ingeneral, coupling network 80 may be located internal to UPS unit 40 asshown or, alternatively, external to UPS unit 40. In any case, couplingnetwork 80 enables a carrier signal transmitted by ONT 28 or subscriberdevices 54 within subscriber premises 50 to pass between DC power line34 and AC power line 44.

As previously described, UPS unit 40 obtains AC power from subscriberpremises 50 and generates DC power for use by ONT 28 during normaloperating conditions. In particular, UPS unit 40 is coupled to ONT 28via DC power line 34 and to AC power system 56 at subscriber premises 50via AC power line 44. UPS unit 40 may include AC/DC circuitry 74 toprovide AC-to-DC voltage conversion from power (e.g., 110 volt, 60 Hz inNorth America, or other voltage and frequencies in other regions)provided by subscriber premises 50 to produce DC power for transmissionover DC power line 34.

Further, ONT 28 may transmit information to subscriber premises 50 viaUPS unit 40 by inserting a modulated carrier signal on DC power line 34.Similarly, subscriber devices 54 within subscriber premises 50 maytransmit information to ONT 28 via UPS unit 40 by inserting a modulatedcarrier signal on DC power line 34. Coupling network 80 passivelycouples the carrier signal between DC power line 34 and AC power line 44to enable simplex or duplex communication. As previously described, ONT28 and subscriber devices 54 may transmit carrier signals using a powerline networking technology such as HomePlug BPL, HomePlug AV, IntellonTurbo, or DS2. In some embodiments, ONT 28 and subscriber devices 54 maytransmit carrier signals to each other using a single format orprotocol. In such embodiments, the configuration of coupling network 80may be appropriate. However, in alternative embodiments, ONT 28 and UPSunit 40 may transmit carrier signals between each other using adifferent format, e.g., HomePlug BPL, than the format used to transmitcarrier signals between UPS unit 40 and subscriber devices 54, e.g.,HomePlug AV. In such embodiments, UPS unit 40 may include additionalcircuitry to convert the received HomePlug BPL signal into a HomePlug AVsignal. The additional circuitry may be integrated with coupling network80 and, more particularly, with coupling capacitor 81. In theillustrated example of FIG. 4, ONT 28 and subscriber devices 54 transmitcarrier signals using the same format.

Accordingly, capacitor 81 is inserted in series with DC power line 34and AC power line 44 to couple the carrier signal between DC power line34 and AC power line 44. Blocking coils 82 and 84 may be inserted inseries with each other and AC/DC circuitry 74 and in parallel withcapacitor 81. Because the carrier signal may be transmitted at asubstantially higher frequency, e.g., 4.5-21 MHz, than the 60 Hz ACpower waveform and DC power waveform, capacitor 81 acts as a high passfilter that provides a low impedance path for the carrier signal. Inaddition, blocking coils 82 and 84 are the dual of capacitor 81. Inother words, the impedance of blocking coils 82 and 84 increases inproportion to increasing frequency while the impedance of capacitor 81decreases in proportion to increasing frequency. Thus, blocking coils 82and 84 may appear as a low impedance path to AC and DC power waveformswhile preventing capacitor 81 from attenuating the carrier signal. Inorder to emphasize the operation of coupling network 80, the pathscarrying both signal and power (AC or DC power) are illustrated withbold lines, the path carrying only the carrier signal is illustrated asa standard line, the path carrying DC power is illustrated as a dashedline, and the path carrying AC power is illustrated with a dotted line.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary active relayagent 90 that reads and repeats the high speed information signalbetween DC power line 34 and AC power line 44. Active relay agent 90 maybe an alternative to the passive RLC coupling network 80 of FIG. 4.Active relay agent includes modulators 85A and 85B, demodulators 83A and83B, and logic circuitry 88A and 88B. In contrast to coupling network 80of FIG. 4, which enables a carrier signal to “pass through” UPS unit 40between DC power line 34 and AC power line 44, relay agent 90 receives acarrier signal on DC power line 34 or AC power line 44 and re-transmitsthe signal on AC power line 44 or DC power line 34, respectively,outputting the carrier signal with more strength than was received.

For example, relay agent 90 may receive a carrier signal transmitted byONT 28 via DC power line 34. Relay agent 90 may re-transmit the receivedsignal, i.e., recreate an amplified copy of the received signal andtransmit the amplified signal over AC power line 44. As an example, insome embodiments, relay agent 90 may operate by receiving a first frameof data from ONT 28 and re-transmitting the first frame when it receivesthe second frame of data from ONT 28. For carrier signals transmitted bysubscriber devices 54 at subscriber premises 50, relay agent 90 mayreceive the carrier signal via AC power line 4 and re-transmit thereceived signal with increased signal strength over DC power line 34.Consequently, relay agent 90 may be preferred over coupling network 80when implemented with a subscriber premises 50 having a distributionsystem with a low high frequency impedance.

The overall high frequency impedance of the distribution system isdependent on the overall size of the subscriber premises and the numberof high impedance devices, such as home theater systems, computers, andother electronic devices. The wiring in a distribution system inherentlyhas impedance and, thus, as the amount of wiring increases, theimpedance decreases. In addition, as the number of electronic devicesincreases, the number of “leaks” increases thereby decreasing theimpedance. As a result, relay agent 90 may be particularly advantageouswhen implemented with a subscriber premises 50 that has a distributionsystem covering a large area, includes a large number of electronicdevices, or both.

With respect to FIG. 5, the paths, i.e., wires or cables, that carryboth signal and power (AC power or DC power) are illustrated with boldlines, the paths carrying only the carrier signal are illustrated asstandard lines, the paths carrying DC power are illustrated as a dashedline, and the paths carrying AC power are illustrated with a dottedline. In some embodiments, physical interface 63 of FIG. 3 may compriserelay agent 90. In such embodiments, coupling circuitry 86 and 87 maycomprise coupling circuitry 65 of FIG. 3, demodulators 83A and 83B maycomprise demodulator 62, and modulators 85A and 85B may comprisemodulator 64.

During operation, UPS unit 40 obtains AC power from subscriber premises50 and generates DC power for use by ONT 28. AC/DC circuitry 74 providesAC-to-DC voltage conversion from power (e.g., 110 volts, 60 Hz in NorthAmerica) provided by subscriber premises 50 to produce DC power fortransmission over DC power line 34. In addition, ONT 28 may transmitinformation to subscriber devices 54 at subscriber premises 50 byinserting a modulated carrier signal on DC power line 34. Similarly,subscriber devices 54 may transmit information to ONT 28 via UPS unit byinserting a modulated carrier signal on DC power line 34. Couplingcircuitry 86 and 87 each act as a high pass filter that provides a lowimpedance path for the carrier signal to logic circuitry 88A and 88B,respectively, while enabling AC and DC power waveforms to propagate overAC power line 44 and DC power line 34, respectively. In addition,coupling circuitry 86 and 87 couple the carrier signal output bymodulators 65A and 65B to DC power line 34 and AC power line 44,respectively.

The operation of relay agent 90 is described by way of example herein.In operation, ONT 28 transmits a carrier signal over DC power line 34.Coupling circuitry 86 acts as a high pass filter providing a lowimpedance path for the high frequency carrier signal to demodulator 83B.Demodulator 83B outputs the demodulated signal to logic circuitry 88A.In this example, logic circuitry 88A may include UPS processingcircuitry 60 of FIG. 3 and circuitry for re-transmitting the signal aspreviously described. Thus, in embodiments in which UPS unit 40transmits information to subscriber devices 54 using a different homenetworking power line technology than is used by ONT 28 to transmit theinformation to UPS unit, logic circuitry 88A may process the output ofdemodulator 83B to convert information received from ONT 28 into aformat compliant with the different technology and outputs a signal withan amplified signal strength, e.g., a signal strength large enough sothat the signal received by subscriber devices 54 enables reliableoperation. However, in embodiments in which ONT 28 and subscriberdevices transmit information using the same technology or format, logiccircuitry 88A may not convert the received information. Rather logiccircuitry 88A may repeat the signal, e.g., output a signal with anamplified signal strength at the same time the next signal is receivedfrom demodulator 83B. In any case, modulator 85B modulates the output oflogic circuitry 88A to encode information using a home power linenetworking technology. Coupling circuitry 87 couples the modulatedcarrier signal to AC power 44. Consequently, the modulated signal isavailable at every power outlet on AC power system 56.

Relay agent 90 operates in a similar manner for transmitting carriersignals from subscriber devices 54 at subscriber premises 50 to ONT 28.In particular, coupling circuitry 87 acts as a high pass filter,provides a carrier signal transmitted to UPS unit 40 via AC power line44, and provides a low impedance path to demodulator 83A. Demodulator83A outputs a demodulated signal to logic circuitry 88B whichre-transmits the received signal with amplified signal strength. Ifsubscriber devices 54 and ONT 28 transmit information using the samehome networking power line technology, logic circuitry 88B mayre-transmit the signal as previously described. However, if the ONT 28and subscriber devices 54 transmit information using different homenetworking power line technologies, logic circuitry 88B converts thereceived information from the received format into a format compliantwith the home networking power line technology used by ONT 28 andoutputs the compliant signal with increased signal strength. Modulator85A modulates the output of logic circuitry 88B to encode informationusing the appropriate home networking power line technology and couplingcircuitry 86 couples the modulated carrier signal to DC power line 34.Because DC power line 34 carries DC power and information, there is noneed to provide a dedicated communication cable from ONT 28 tosubscriber premises 50, thereby reducing cost as well as installationcomplexity and time.

FIG. 6 is flow diagram illustrating exemplary operation of PON 10 fortransmitting information from ONT 28 to subscriber devices 54 withinsubscriber premises 50. For purposes of illustration, the flow diagramdepicted in FIG. 6 is described with reference to the exemplarystructure illustrated in FIG. 3. In general, UPS unit 40 supplies ONT 28with DC power via DC power line 34. During normal operation, UPS unit 40performs AC-to-DC conversion of line power 72 to supply ONT 28 with DCpower. UPS unit 40 includes battery 66 in order to deliver battery powerto ONT 28 during a power failure.

Initially, OLT 12 transmits information to ONT 28 in the form of voice,video, and data over optical fiber link 11 (100). ONT 28 transmits thereceived information to UPS unit 40 via DC power line 34 by inserting amodulated signal DC power line 34 (102). More specifically, ONT 28inserts the modulated signal on DC power line 34 with a carrierfrequency and modulates the signal to convey the information. Ingeneral, ONT 28 transmits the information using a BPL technology or ahome power line networking technology such as HomePlug BPL, HomePlug AV,Intellon Turbo, or DS2 to generate the modulated signal and using an ACcoupling capacitor to couple the modulated signal to DC power line 34.

UPS unit 40 receives the modulated signal and transmits the receivedinformation to subscriber devices 54 at subscriber premises 50 via ACpower line 44 by inserting a modulated signal on AC power line 44 (104).In particular, UPS unit 40 demodulates the received signal and convertsthe information into a format suitable for transmission over AC powerline 44. When UPS unit 40 transmits the received information using thesame protocol or technology used by ONT 28 to transmit the informationto UPS unit 40, UPS unit 40 may not process the information or convertthe information into a different format. Rather, UPS unit 40 maytransmit the information to subscriber devices 54 via AC power 44 byinserting a modulated signal on AC power line 44. However, when UPS unit40 transmits the received information using a technology different fromthe technology used by ONT 28 to transmit the information to UPS unit40, UPS unit 40 may process the received information before transmittingthe information to subscriber devices 54.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating exemplary operation of the PON ofFIG. 1 in transmitting information from one or more subscriber devicesto the PON via a UPS unit and ONT. In the example of FIG. 7, informationsuch as voice, video and/or data is transmitted from subscriber devicesto the UPS unit via the AC power line (106). The UPS unit then transmitsthe information received from the subscriber devices to the ONT via theDC power line (108). The ONT then transmits the information receivedfrom the UPS unit to the PON via the optical fiber link (110).

The techniques described herein may be implemented in hardware,software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented insoftware, the techniques may be directed to a computer readable mediumcomprising program code, that when executed in a processor orprocessors, performs one or more of the techniques described herein. Inthat case, the computer readable medium may comprise random accessmemory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM),read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FLASHmemory, and the like.

The program code may be stored on memory in the form of computerreadable instructions. In that case, a processor or processors mayexecute instructions stored in memory in order to carry out one or moreof the techniques described herein. In some cases, the techniques may beexecuted by circuitry that invokes various hardware components toaccelerate the techniques. In other cases, the units described hereinmay be implemented as one or more microprocessors, one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), or some other hardware-softwarecombination.

Various embodiments of the invention have been described. However, oneskilled in the art will appreciate that various embodiments or additionsmay be made to the described embodiments without departing from thescope of the claimed invention. For example, while the invention isgenerally described in the context of transmitting information from anONT to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises within a PON, theinvention may be applicable to network interface devices powered by UPSunits in other types of networks. These and other embodiments are withinthe scope of the following claims.

1. A method comprising: supplying power to a network interface devicevia a direct current (DC) power line that extends between the networkinterface device and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit;supplying power to the UPS unit via an alternating current (AC) powerline that extends from a subscriber premises to the UPS unit;transmitting information to the UPS unit from the network interfacedevice via the DC power line; and transmitting the information from theUPS unit to one or more subscriber devices within the subscriberpremises via the AC power line.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein theinformation comprises at least one of voice, video, and data.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the network interface device includes anoptical network terminal (ONT) in a passive optical network (PON). 4.The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting information to the UPS unitcomprises inserting a carrier frequency onto the DC power line andmodulating the carrier frequency in accordance with one of a broadbandpower line (BPL) technology and a home power line networking technology.5. The method of claim 4, wherein inserting the carrier frequencycomprises AC coupling the carrier frequency on the DC power line.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein transmitting information from the UPS unit tothe subscriber devices comprises inserting a carrier frequency onto theAC power line and modulating the carrier frequency in accordance with ahome power line networking technology.
 7. The method of claim 6, whereininserting the carrier frequency on the AC power line comprises passivelycoupling the carrier frequency on the AC power line using aresistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) coupling network.
 8. The method ofclaim 6, wherein inserting the carrier frequency on the AC power linecomprises actively coupling the carrier frequency on the AC power lineusing an active relay agent.
 9. The method of claim 1, whereintransmitting the information to the UPS unit comprises transmitting theinformation using a first home power line networking technology, andwherein transmitting the information to the subscriber devices comprisestransmitting the information using a second home power line networkingtechnology different from the first home power line networkingtechnology.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting theinformation to the UPS unit comprises transmitting the information usinga first home power line networking technology, and wherein transmittingthe information to the subscriber devices comprises transmitting theinformation using the first home power line networking technology. 11.The method of claim 1, wherein the AC power line supplies power to oneor more power outlets within the subscriber premises and each subscriberdevice is electrically connected to one of the power outlets.
 12. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting additionalinformation to the UPS unit from the one or more subscriber devices viathe AC power line; and transmitting the information from the UPS unit tothe network interface device.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein theinformation comprises at least one of voice, video, and data.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the network interface device includes anoptical network terminal (ONT) in a passive optical network (PON). 15.An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit for a network interfacedevice, the UPS unit comprising: a power source; a direct current (DC)power line configured to deliver power from the power source to thenetwork interface device; and an interface configured to receiveinformation from the ONT via the DC power line and transmits thereceived information to one or more subscriber devices within asubscriber premises over an alternating current (AC) power line.
 16. TheUPS unit of claim 15, wherein the interface is configured to receiveinformation from one or more subscriber devices within the subscriberpremises over the AC power line and transmits the received informationto the ONT via the DC power line.
 17. The UPS unit of claim 15, whereinthe interface receives information from the ONT via the DC power line inaccordance with a first home power line networking technology, andwherein the interface transmits the received information to one or moresubscriber devices within the subscriber premises over the AC power lineusing a second home power line networking technology different from thefirst home power line networking technology.
 18. The UPS unit of claim15, wherein the interface receives information from the ONT via the DCpower line in accordance with a first home power line networkingtechnology, and wherein the interface transmits the received informationto one or more subscriber devices within the subscriber premises overthe AC power line using the first home power line networking technology.19. The UPS unit of claim 15, wherein the interface receives additionalinformation from the one or more subscriber devices via the AC powerline, and transmits the information from the UPS unit to the networkinterface device via the DC power line.
 20. The UPS unit of claim 19,wherein the additional information comprises at least one of voice,video, and data.
 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the networkinterface device includes an optical network terminal (ONT) in a passiveoptical network (PON).
 22. A network interface device comprising:circuitry that receives operating power from a direct current (DC) powerline that extends between the network interface device and anuninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit; and an interface that transmitsinformation to the UPS unit via the DC power line.
 23. The device ofclaim 22, wherein the information includes at least one of voice, videoand data information.
 24. The network interface device of claim 23,wherein the interface receives information from the UPS unit via the DCpower line, the information being transmitted by one or more subscriberdevices within a subscriber premises.
 25. A passive optical network(PON) comprising: an optical network terminal (ONT) that receivesinformation; an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit that deliverspower to the ONT via a direct current (DC) power line that extendsbetween the ONT and the UPS unit; and an alternating current (AC) powerline that delivers power to the UPS unit, wherein the ONT is configuredto transmit information to the UPS over the DC power line, and whereinthe UPS is configured to transmit information to one or more subscriberdevices at a subscriber premises over the AC power line.
 26. The PON ofclaim 25, wherein the UPS unit is configured to receive information fromone or more subscriber devices within the subscriber premises over theAC power line, and wherein the ONT is configured to receive informationfrom the UPS unit over the DC power line.
 27. A method comprising:supplying power to a network interface device via a first power linethat extends between the network interface device and an uninterruptiblepower supply (UPS) unit; supplying power to the UPS unit via a secondpower line that extends from a subscriber premises to the UPS unit;transmitting information to the UPS unit from the network interfacedevice via the first power line; and transmitting the information fromthe UPS unit to one or more subscriber devices within the subscriberpremises via the second power line.
 28. The method of claim 27, whereinthe first power line is a direct current (DC) power line, and the secondpower line is an alternating current (AC) power line.
 29. A methodcomprising supplying power to a network interface device via a directcurrent (DC) power line that extends between the network interfacedevice and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit; supplying powerto the UPS unit via an alternating current (AC) power line that extendsfrom a subscriber premises to the UPS unit; transmitting information tothe UPS unit from one or more subscriber devices within the subscriberpremises to the network interface device via the AC power line; andtransmitting the information from the UPS unit to the network interfacedevice.
 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the information comprises atleast one of voice, video, and data.
 31. The method of claim 29, whereinthe network interface device includes an optical network terminal (ONT)in a passive optical network (PON).
 32. The method of claim 29, whereintransmitting information to the UPS unit comprises inserting a carrierfrequency onto the AC power line and modulating the carrier frequency inaccordance with a home power line networking technology.
 33. The methodof claim 32, wherein inserting the carrier frequency comprises couplingthe carrier frequency on the AC power line.
 34. The method of claim 29,wherein transmitting information from the UPS unit to the networkinterface device comprises inserting a carrier frequency onto the DCpower line and modulating the carrier frequency in accordance with oneof a broadband power line (BPL) technology and a home power linenetworking technology.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein inserting thecarrier frequency on the DC power line comprises at least one ofpassively coupling the carrier frequency on the DC power line using aresistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) coupling network, or actively couplingthe carrier frequency on the DC power line using an active relay agent.36. The method of claim 29, wherein transmitting the information to theUPS unit comprises transmitting the information using a first home powerline networking technology, and wherein transmitting the information tothe network interface device comprises transmitting the informationusing a second home power line networking technology different from thefirst home power line networking technology.
 37. The method of claim 29,wherein transmitting the information to the UPS unit comprisestransmitting the information using a first home power line networkingtechnology, and wherein transmitting the information to the networkinterface device comprises transmitting the information using the firsthome power line networking technology.
 38. The method of claim 29,wherein the AC power line supplies power to one or more power outletswithin the subscriber premises and each subscriber device iselectrically connected to one of the power outlets.